international standard book number for reader help on isbns see helpisbn unique numeric book identifier international standard book numbera 13digit isbn 9783161484100 as represented by an ean13 bar codeacronymisbnintroduced1970 48years ago1970managing organisationinternational isbn agencyno of digits13 formerly 10check digitweighted sumexample9783161484100websitewwwisbninternationalorg the international standard book number isbn is a unique an isbn is assigned to each edition and variation except reprintings of a book for example an ebook a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different isbn the isbn is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 january 2007 and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007 the method of assigning an isbn is nationbased and varies from country to country often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country the initial isbn configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9digit standard book numbering sbn created in 1966 the 10digit isbn format was developed by the international organization for standardization iso and was published in 1970 as international standard iso 2108 the sbn code can be converted to a tendigit isbn by prefixing it with a zero digit 0 privately published books sometimes appear without an isbn the international isbn agency sometimes assigns such books isbns on its own initiative another identifier the international standard serial number issn identifies periodical publications such as magazines and the international standard music number ismn covers for musical scores history the standard book numbering sbn code is a 9digit commercial book identifier system created by gordon foster emeritus professor of statistics at trinity college dublin the 10digit isbn format was developed by the international organization for standardization iso and was published in 1970 as international standard iso 2108 an sbn may be converted to an isbn by prefixing the digit 0 for example the second edition of mr j g reeder returns published by hodder in 1965 has sbn 340 01381 8 340 indicating the publisher 01381 their serial number and 8 being the check digit this can be converted to isbn0340013818 the check digit does not need to be recalculated since 1 january 2007 isbns have contained 13 digits a format that is compatible with bookland european article number ean13s overview an isbn is assigned to each edition and variation except reprintings of a book for example an ebook a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different isbn the isbn is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 january 2007 and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007 an international standard book number consists of 4 parts if it is a 10digit isbn or 5 parts for a 13digit isbn the parts of a 10digit isbn and the corresponding ean13 and barcode note the different check digits in each the part of the ean13 labeled ean is the bookland country code for a 13digit isbn a prefix element a gs1 prefix so far 978 or 979 have been made available by gs1 the registration group element languagesharing country group individual country or territory the registrant element the publication element and a checksum character or check digit a 13digit isbn can be separated into its parts prefix element registration group registrant publication and check digit and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces separating the parts registration group registrant publication and check digit of a 10digit isbn is also done with either hyphens or spaces figuring out how to correctly separate a given isbn is complicated because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits how isbns are issued isbn issuance is countryspecific in that isbns are issued by the isbn registration agency that is responsible for that country or territory regardless of the publication language the ranges of isbns assigned to any particular country are based on the publishing profile of the country concerned and so the ranges will vary depending on the number of books and the number type and size of publishers that are active some isbn registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture and thus may receive direct funding from government to support their services in other cases the isbn registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded a full directory of isbn agencies is available on the international isbn agency website partial listing australia the commercial library services agency thorpebowker brazil the national library of brazil canada english library and archives canada a government agency canada french bibliothque et archives nationales du qubec colombia cmara colombiana del libro an ngo hong kong books registration office bro under the hong kong public libraries india the raja rammohun roy national agency for isbn book promotion and copyright division under department of higher education a constituent of the ministry of human resource development israel the israel center for libraries italy ediser srl owned by associazione italiana editori italian publishers association maldives the national bureau of classification nbc malta the national book council maltese ilkunsill nazzjonali talktieb morocco the national library of morocco new zealand the national library of new zealand pakistan national library of pakistan philippines national library of the philippines south africanational library of south africa turkey general directorate of libraries and publications a branch of the ministry of culture united kingdom and republic of irelandnielsen book services ltd part of nielsen holdings nv united states rr bowker registration group identifier the isbn registration group identifier is a 1 to 5digit number that is valid within a single prefix element ie one of 978 or 979 within the 979 prefix element the registration group identifier 0 is reserved for compatibility with international standard music numbers ismns but such material is not actually assigned an isbn the original 9digit standard book number sbn had no registration group identifier but prefixing a zero 0 to a 9digit sbn creates a valid 10digit isbn registrant element the national isbn agency assigns the registrant element cf categoryisbn agencies and an accompanying series of isbns within that registrant element to the publisher the publisher then allocates one of the isbns to each of its books in most countries a book publisher is not required by law to assign an isbn however most bookstores only handle isbn bearing publications a listing of more than 900000 assigned publisher codes is published and can be ordered in book form 1399 us1959 the web site of the isbn agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes partial lists have been compiled from library catalogs for the englishlanguage groups identifier 0 and identifier 1 publishers receive blocks of isbns with larger blocks allotted to publishers expecting to need them a small publisher may receive isbns of one or more digits for the registration group identifier several digits for the registrant and a single digit for the publication element once that block of isbns is used the publisher may receive another block of isbns with a different registrant element consequently a publisher may have different allotted registrant elements there also may be more than one registration group identifier used in a country this might occur once all the registrant elements from a particular registration group have been allocated to publishers by using variable block lengths registration agencies are able to customise the allocations of isbns that they make to publishers for example a large publisher may be given a block of isbns where fewer digits are allocated for the registrant element and many digits are allocated for the publication element likewise countries publishing many titles have few allocated digits for the registration group identifier and many for the registrant and publication elements here are some sample isbn10 codes illustrating block length variations isbn country or area publisher 9992158107 qatar nccah doha 9971502100 singapore world scientific 9604250590 greece sigma publications 8090273416 czech republic slovakia taita publishers 8535902775 brazil companhia das letras 1843560283 englishspeaking area simon wallenberg press 0684843285 englishspeaking area scribner 080442957x englishspeaking area frederick ungar 0851310419 englishspeaking area j a allen co 0943396042 englishspeaking area willmannbell 097522980x englishspeaking area kt publishing pattern for english language isbns englishlanguage registration group elements are 0 and 1 2 of more than 220 registration group elements these two registration group elements are divided into registrant elements in a systematic pattern which allows their length to be determined as follows publicationelement length 0 registration group element 1 registration group element totalregistrants from to registrants from to registrants 6 digits 000xxxxxxx 019xxxxxxx 20 100xxxxxxx 109xxxxxxx 10 30 5 digits 0200xxxxxx0229xxxxxx0370xxxxxx0640xxxxxx0649xxxxxx0656xxxxxx 0227xxxxxx0368xxxxxx0638xxxxxx0647xxxxxx0654xxxxxx0699xxxxxx 495 1100xxxxxx 1399xxxxxx 300 795 4 digits 02280xxxxx03690xxxxx06390xxxxx06550xxxxx07000xxxxx 02289xxxxx03699xxxxx06398xxxxx06559xxxxx08499xxxxx 1539 14000xxxxx17170xxxxx17900xxxxx19730xxxxx 15499xxxxx17319xxxxx17999xxxxx19877xxxxx 1898 3437 3 digits 085000xxxx 089999xxxx 5000 155000xxxx174000xxxx177540xxxx180000xxxx 171699xxxx177499xxxx178999xxxx186979xxxx 28640 33640 2 digits 0900000xxx 0949999xxx 50000 1869800xxx1916506xxx1987800xxx 1916399xxx1972999xxx1998999xxx 114294 164294 1 digit 06399000xx06480000xx09500000xx 06399999xx06489999xx09999999xx 511000 17320000xx17750000xx19164000xx19990000xx 17399999xx17753999xx19165059xx19999999xx 95060 606060 total 568054 total 240202 808256 check digits a check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection the decimal equivalent of a binary check bit it consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the number the method for the tendigit code is an extension of that for sbns the two systems are compatible and sbn prefixed with 0 will give the same checkdigit as without the digit is base eleven and can be 09 or x the system for thirteendigit codes is not compatible and will in general give a different check digit from the corresponding 10digit isbn and does not provide the same protection against transposition this is because the thirteendigit code was required to be compatible with the ean format and hence could not contain an x isbn10 check digits the 2001 edition of the official manual of the international isbn agency says that the isbn10 check digit which is the last digit of the tendigit isbn must range from 0 to 10 the symbol x is used for 10 and must be such that the sum of all the ten digits each multiplied by its integer weight descending from 10 to 1 is a multiple of 11 for example for an isbn10 of 0306406152 s 0 10 3 9 0 8 6 7 4 6 0 5 6 4 1 3 5 2 2 1 0 27 0 42 24 0 24 3 10 2 132 12 11 displaystyle beginaligneds0times 103times 90times 86times 74times 60times 56times 41times 35times 22times 102704224024310213212times 11endaligned formally using modular arithmetic we can say 10 x 1 9 x 2 8 x 3 7 x 4 6 x 5 5 x 6 4 x 7 3 x 8 2 x 9 x 10 0 mod 11 displaystyle 10x19x28x37x46x55x64x73x82x9x10equiv 0pmod 11 it is also true for isbn10s that the sum of all the ten digits each multiplied by its weight in ascending order from 1 to 10 is a multiple of 11 for this example s 0 1 3 2 0 3 6 4 4 5 0 6 6 7 1 8 5 9 2 10 0 6 0 24 20 0 42 8 45 20 165 15 11 displaystyle beginaligneds0times 13times 20times 36times 44times 50times 66times 71times 85times 92times 1006024200428452016515times 11endaligned formally we can say x 1 2 x 2 3 x 3 4 x 4 5 x 5 6 x 6 7 x 7 8 x 8 9 x 9 10 x 10 0 mod 11 displaystyle x12x23x34x45x56x67x78x89x910x10equiv 0pmod 11 the two most common errors in handling an isbn eg typing or writing it are a single altered digit or the transposition of adjacent digits it can be proved that all possible valid isbn10s have at least two digits different from each other it can also be proved that there are no pairs of valid isbn10s with eight identical digits and two transposed digits these are true only because the isbn is less than 11 digits long and because 11 is a prime number the isbn check digit method therefore ensures that it will always be possible to detect these two most common types of error ie if either of these types of error has occurred the result will never be a valid isbn the sum of the digits multiplied by their weights will never be a multiple of 11 however if the error occurs in the publishing house and goes undetected the book will be issued with an invalid isbn in contrast it is possible for other types of error such as two altered nontransposed digits or three altered digits to result in a valid isbn although it is still unlikely isbn10 check digit calculation each of the first nine digits of the tendigit isbnexcluding the check digit itselfis multiplied by its integer weight descending from 10 to 2 and the sum of these nine products found the value of the check digit is simply the one number between 0 and 10 which when added to this sum means the total is a multiple of 11 for example the check digit for an isbn10 of 030640615 is calculated as follows s 0 10 3 9 0 8 6 7 4 6 0 5 6 4 1 3 5 2 130 displaystyle beginaligneds0times 103times 90times 86times 74times 60times 56times 41times 35times 2130endaligned adding 2 to 130 gives a multiple of 11 132 12 x 11 this is the only number between 0 and 10 which does so therefore the check digit has to be 2 and the complete sequence is isbn 0306406152 the value x 10 displaystyle x10 required to satisfy this condition might be 10 if so an x should be used alternatively modular arithmetic is convenient for calculating the check digit using modulus 11 the remainder of this sum when it is divided by 11 ie its value modulo 11 is computed this remainder plus the check digit must equal either 0 or 11 therefore the check digit is 11 minus the remainder of the sum of the products modulo 11 modulo 11 taking the remainder modulo 11 a second time accounts for the possibility that the first remainder is 0 without the second modulo operation the calculation could end up with 11 0 11 which is invalid strictly speaking the first modulo 11 is unneeded but it may be considered to simplify the calculation for example the check digit for the isbn10 of 030640615 is calculated as follows s 11 0 10 3 9 0 8 6 7 4 6 0 5 6 4 1 3 5 2 mod 11 mod 11 11 0 27 0 42 24 0 24 3 10 mod 11 mod 11 11 130 mod 11 mod 11 11 9 mod 11 2 mod 11 2 displaystyle beginaligneds110times 103times 90times 86times 74times 60times 56times 41times 35times 2bmod 11bmod 111102704224024310bmod 11bmod 1111130bmod 11bmod 11119bmod 112bmod 112endaligned thus the check digit is 2 it is possible to avoid the multiplications in a software implementation by using two accumulators repeatedly adding t into s computes the necessary multiples returns isbn error syndrome zero for a valid isbn nonzero for an invalid one digits must be between 0 and 10 int checkisbnint const digits int i s 0 t 0 for i 0 i 10 i t digits s t return s 11 the modular reduction can be done once at the end as shown above in which case s could hold a value as large as 496 for the invalid isbn 999999999x or s and t could be reduced by a conditional subtract after each addition isbn13 check digit calculation the 2005 edition of the international isbn agencys official manual describes how the 13digit isbn check digit is calculated the isbn13 check digit which is the last digit of the isbn must range from 0 to 9 and must be such that the sum of all the thirteen digits each multiplied by its integer weight alternating between 1 and 3 is a multiple of 10 formally using modular arithmetic we can say x 1 3 x 2 x 3 3 x 4 x 5 3 x 6 x 7 3 x 8 x 9 3 x 10 x 11 3 x 12 x 13 0 mod 10 displaystyle x13x2x33x4x53x6x73x8x93x10x113x12x13equiv 0pmod 10 the calculation of an isbn13 check digit begins with the first 12 digits of the thirteendigit isbn thus excluding the check digit itself each digit from left to right is alternately multiplied by 1 or 3 then those products are summed modulo 10 to give a value ranging from 0 to 9 subtracted from 10 that leaves a result from 1 to 10 a zero 0 replaces a ten 10 so in all cases a single check digit results for example the isbn13 check digit of 978030640615 is calculated as follows s 91 73 81 03 31 03 61 43 01 63 11 53 9 21 8 0 3 0 6 12 0 18 1 15 93 93 10 9 remainder 3 10 3 7 thus the check digit is 7 and the complete sequence is isbn 9780306406157 in general the isbn13 check digit is calculated as follows let r 10 x 1 3 x 2 x 3 3 x 4 x 11 3 x 12 mod 10 displaystyle rbig 10big x13x2x33x4cdots x113x12big bmod 10big then x 13 r r 10 0 r 10 displaystyle x13begincasesrtext r100text r10endcases this check system similar to the upc check digit formula does not catch all errors of adjacent digit transposition specifically if the difference between two adjacent digits is 5 the check digit will not catch their transposition for instance the above example allows this situation with the 6 followed by a 1 the correct order contributes 3611 19 to the sum while if the digits are transposed 1 followed by a 6 the contribution of those two digits will be 3116 9 however 19 and 9 are congruent modulo 10 and so produce the same final result both isbns will have a check digit of 7 the isbn10 formula uses the prime modulus 11 which avoids this blind spot but requires more than the digits 09 to express the check digit additionally if the sum of the 2nd 4th 6th 8th 10th and 12th digits is tripled then added to the remaining digits 1st 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th and 13th the total will always be divisible by 10 ie end in 0 isbn10 to isbn13 conversion the conversion is quite simple as one only needs to prefix 978 to the existing number and calculate the new checksum using the isbn13 algorithm errors in usage publishers and libraries have varied policies about the use of the isbn check digit publishers sometimes fail to check the correspondence of a book title and its isbn before publishing it that failure causes book identification problems for libraries booksellers and readers for example isbn0590764845 is shared by two books ninja gaiden a novel based on the bestselling game by tecmo 1990 and wacky laws 1997 both published by scholastic most libraries and booksellers display the book record for an invalid isbn issued by the publisher the library of congress catalogue contains books published with invalid isbns which it usually tags with the phrase cancelled isbn oclc often indexes by invalid isbns if the book is indexed in that way by a member library eisbn only the term isbn should be used the terms eisbn and eisbn have historically been sources of confusion and should be avoided if a book exists in one or more digital ebook formats each of those formats must have its own isbn in other words each of the three separate epub amazon kindle and pdf formats of a particular book will have its own specific isbn they should not share the isbn of the paper version and there is no generic eisbn which encompasses all the ebook formats for a title ean format used in barcodes and upgrading currently the barcodes on a books back cover or inside a massmarket paperback books front cover are ean13 they may have a separate barcode encoding five digits called an ean5 for the currency and the recommended retail price for 10digit isbns the number 978 the bookland country code is prefixed to the isbn in the barcode data and the check digit is recalculated according to the ean13 formula modulo 10 1x and 3x weighting on alternating digits partly because of an expected shortage in certain isbn categories the international organization for standardization iso decided to migrate to a thirteendigit isbn isbn13 the process began 1 january 2005 and was planned to conclude 1 january 2007 all the 13digit isbns began with 978 as the 978 isbn supply is exhausted the 979 prefix was introduced part of the 979 prefix is reserved for use with the musicland code for musical scores with an ismn the 10digit ismn codes differed visually as they began with an m letter the bar code represents the m as a zero 0 and for checksum purposes it counted as a 3 all ismns are now 13 digits commencing 9790 9791 to 9799 will be used by isbn publisher identification code numbers are unlikely to be the same in the 978 and 979 isbns likewise there is no guarantee that language area code numbers will be the same moreover the tendigit isbn check digit generally is not the same as the thirteendigit isbn check digit because the gtin13 is part of the global trade item number gtin system that includes the gtin14 the gtin12 and the gtin8 the 13digit isbn falls within the 14digit data field range barcode format compatibility is maintained because aside from the group breaks the isbn13 barcode format is identical to the ean barcode format of existing 10digit isbns so migration to an eanbased system allows booksellers the use of a single numbering system for both books and nonbook products that is compatible with existing isbn based data with only minimal changes to information technology systems hence many booksellers eg barnes noble migrated to ean barcodes as early as march 2005 although many american and canadian booksellers were able to read ean13 barcodes before 2005 most general retailers could not read them the upgrading of the upc barcode system to full ean13 in 2005 eased migration to the isbn13 in north america asin amazon standard identification number coden serial publication identifier currently used by libraries replaced by the issn for new works doi digital object identifier estc english short title catalogue ettn electronic textbook track number isan international standard audiovisual number ismn international standard music number iswc international standard musical work code isrc international standard recording code issn international standard serial number istc international standard text code iswn international standard wine number lccn library of congress control number list of group0 isbn publisher codes list of group1 isbn publisher codes oclc number online computer library center number registration authority bici book item and component identifier sici serial item and contribution identifier vd 16 verzeichnis der im deutschen sprachbereich erschienenen drucke des 16 jahrhundertsin english bibliography of books printed in the german speaking countries of the sixteenth century vd 17 verzeichnis der im deutschen sprachraum erschienenen drucke des 17 jahrhundertsin english bibliography of books printed in the german speaking countries of the seventeenth century notes wikidata has the properties isbn10 p957 see uses isbn13 p212 see uses international standard book numberat wikipedias sister projects definitions from wiktionary media from wikimedia commons data from wikidata documentation from mediawiki iso 21082005 international isbn agencycoordinates and supervises the worldwide use of the isbn system numerical list of group identifierslist of languageregion prefixes free conversion tool isbn10 to isbn13 isbn13 to isbn10 from the isbn agency also shows correct hyphenation verifies if isbns are valid or not implementation guidelines pdf archived from the original pdf on 12 september 2004510kb for the 13digit isbn code books at curlie are you ready for isbn13 r r bowker llc rfc3187using international standard book numbers as uniform resource names urn vteinternational numbering standardsstandards iso 2108 international standard book number isbn iso 3297 international standard serial number issn iso 3901 international standard recording code isrc iso 6166 international securities identification number isin isoiec 7812 issuer identification number iin iso 9362 business entity identifier iso 10957 international standard music number ismn iso 13616 international bank account number iban iso 15511 international standard identifier for libraries isil iso 15706 international standard audiovisual number isan iso 15707 international standard musical work code iswc iso 17316 international standard link identifier isli iso 17442 legal entity identifier lei iso 21047 international standard text code istc iso 26324 digital object identifier system doi iso 27729 international standard name identifier isni iso 27730 international standard collection identifier isci caeipi virtual international authority file viaf vteiso standards by standard numberlist of iso standards iso romanizations iec standards19999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 16 17 31 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 269 302 306 361 428 500 518 519 639 1 2 3 5 6 646 657 668 690 704 732 764 838 843 860 898 965 999 1000 1004 1007 10731 1155 1413 1538 1629 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2033 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2533 2709 2711 2720 2788 2848 2852 3029 3103 3166 1 2 3 3297 3307 3601 3602 3864 3901 3950 3977 4031 4157 4165 4217 4909 5218 5426 5427 5428 5725 5775 5776 5800 5964 6166 6344 6346 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 6943 7001 7002 7010 7027 7064 7098 7185 7200 7498 1 7637 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 7942 8000 8093 8178 8217 8373 85011 8571 8583 8601 8613 8632 8651 8652 8691 88058806 8807 88205 8859 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8i 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8879 90009001 9036 9075 9126 9141 9227 9241 9293 9314 9362 9407 9506 9529 9564 95929593 9594 9660 97971 9897 9899 9945 9984 9985 9995 1000019999 10005 10006 10007 10116 101183 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10303 11 21 22 28 238 10383 10487 10585 10589 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11898 11940 2 11941 11941 tr 11992 12006 12182 12207 122342 13211 1 2 13216 13250 13399 134062 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 2 3 6 10 11 12 14 17 20 14644 14649 14651 14698 14750 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15292 15398 15408 15444 3 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 wip 15930 16023 16262 166122 16750 16949 ts 17024 17025 17100 17203 17369 17442 17799 18000 18004 18014 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 1 2 19114 19115 19125 19136 19407 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600 19752 19757 19770 197751 197945 19831 20000 20000 20022 20121 20400 21000 21047 21500 218272002 22000 23270 23271 23360 24517 24613 24617 24707 25178 25964 26000 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001 27002 27006 27729 28000 29110 29148 291992 29500 30170 31000 32000 38500 40500 42010 55000 80000 1 2 3 category vtebooksproduction authors binding by date decade year covers dust jackets design editing illustration literature printing edition history incunabula limited edition publishing by country typesetting consumption awards bestsellers bibliography bibliophilia bibliotherapy bookmarks bookselling blurbs bookshops book towns censorship clubs collecting digitizing fairs furniture bookcases bookends libraries legislation lists print culture reading literacy reviews other by country brazil france germany italy pakistan uk us formats audiobooks ebooks genres childrens fictional miniature history of books historians intellectual property isbn list of bestselling books outline terminology types category commons portal wikiproject authority control bne xx535036 bnf cb119466343 data gnd 40729345 lccn sh85067449 ndl 00575287 